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KNOWLEDGE BASE

Grain Glossary

Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions.

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Market Maker

A market maker is a firm or individual that buys or sells securities at any time with the goal of providing liquidity to the market and facilitating trade. Market makers typically hold an inventory of securities that they buy and sell, and they provide quotes to buyers and sellers using their capital and liquidity. Market makers play a crucial role in facilitating price discovery and trade execution by providing a source of demand and supply for securities. Market makers may operate on exchanges or in the over-the-counter (OTC) market.


Market Taker

A market taker buys or sells securities by accepting the price quoted by market makers or other traders. By contrast to market makers, who can buy and sell securities at any time and provide quotes to the market, market takers are passive participants who rely on quotes provided by others in order to execute trades. Market takers do not provide liquidity to the market in the same way that market makers do, but they can benefit from the liquidity provided by market makers and other traders by being able to quickly and easily buy and sell securities at quoted prices. Market takers may also be referred to as "buyers" and "sellers," depending on whether they are buying or selling securities.


Major currency

A major currency is a term used to describe a currency that is widely traded and used in international transactions. Major currencies are typically from economically and politically stable countries, and are considered to be relatively liquid and stable compared to other currencies.


Mark to Market

Mark to market (MTM) is a method of measuring the fair value of accounts that can fluctuate over time, such as assets and liabilities. Mark to market aims to provide a realistic appraisal of an institution's or company's current financial situation based on current market conditions.


Monetary Assets A monetary asset is one that is readily convertible into money, such as cash on hand, bank deposits, investment accounts, accounts receivable (AR), and notes receivable.


Midmarket Exchange Rate

The midmarket exchange rate (sometimes called the interbank or middle rate) is the midpoint between any two currencies' buy and sell prices. As the demand for and supply of a currency is constantly changing, the mid-market rate is also constantly changing.


Managed floating exchange rate A managed floating exchange rate, or "dirty float," blends elements of fixed and floating rates. Central banks, like China's, intervene to keep the currency within a set range against others, such as the USD, with daily fluctuations capped at 2%. This system helps prevent extreme currency misvaluations. For credibility, it relies on a central bank with ample reserves and a market-aligned exchange rate corridor.


Merchant of Record (MoR) A merchant of record (MoR) is a legal entity that sells goods or services to end consumers on behalf of a merchant, and assumes all legal liabilities for the transaction. MoRs are often used in online commerce and are designed to help sellers scale their businesses globally. 

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