Grain Glossary

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z L Landed cost A landed cost is the total cost of bringing a product from the origin to its destination, including transportation, insurance, duties, tariffs, and other fees. Importing businesses must consider the landed cost, as it affects the final price of the product and ultimately their competitiveness. By calculating the landed cost, companies can determine the true cost of their imports, make informed purchasing decisions, and price their products accurately. Letter of credit A Letter of Credit (LOC) is a document issued by a bank on behalf of a buyer, guaranteeing payment to a seller under the terms and conditions agreed upon by the buyer and seller. The seller can use the LOC as a guarantee of payment as long as they meet the conditions outlined in it. If the buyer fails to pay the seller, the issuing bank will pay the seller. It is commonly used in international trade transactions to mitigate the risk of non-payment by the buyer. Liquidity Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset can be bought or sold in the market without affecting its price. Highly liquid assets, such as cash, can be easily bought or sold with minimal impact on the price, while less liquid assets, such as real estate or collectibles, may take longer to sell and may be subject to larger price fluctuations. There are several measures of liquidity, including the bid-ask spread (the difference between the highest price that a buyer is willing to pay for an asset and the lowest price that a seller is willing to accept), the volume of trading activity, and the speed at which an asset can be bought or sold. Local currency payment Local currency payments are financial transactions that are conducted in the local currency of a client or supplier, rather than the company's own functional currency. These payments can be made for sales transactions, exports, or purchases transactions, imports. Operating in the local currency allows companies to avoid costly markups and expand sales by avoiding passing on exchange rate markups to clients. Effective currency hedging is necessary for companies to protect against exchange rate risk when making local currency payments. London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) is a benchmark interest rate that is used as a reference rate for short-term interest rates around the world. It is calculated and published daily by the ICE Benchmark Administration (IBA), a financial services company, based on the interest rates at which a panel of banks in London are willing to lend to each other. There are different LIBOR rates for different currencies and maturities, ranging from overnight to one year. The most commonly quoted LIBOR rate is the three-month U.S. dollar rate. LIBOR is used as a reference rate for a wide variety of financial products, including adjustable rate mortgages, student loans, and floating rate bonds. It is also used as a benchmark for the pricing of derivatives such as interest rate swaps. Live exchange rate The live exchange rate is a currency exchange rate that is updated in real time. The current exchange rate on the market or between banks. Customers of money transfer companies receive exchange rates that change in real time, but also include a small margin. Long In finance, the term "long" refers to the buying of a security or other financial instrument with the intention of holding it for an extended period of time. The term "going long" or "taking a long position" refers to investing in a security with the expectation that it will appreciate in value over the long term. By holding the security, the investor hopes to sell it at a higher price in the future and make a profit. < PREVIOUS NEXT >

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z Japanese Yen Carry Trade Carry trades involve borrowing money in one currency at a low interest rate and investing it in another currency at a high interest rate. The currency you borrow in a Japanese Yen carry trade is the Yen - the currency of Japan. < PREVIOUS NEXT >

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z C Cash flow hedge A cash flow hedge is a type of hedge that is used to protect against potential losses or gains on a company's future cash flows. It involves using financial instruments, such as derivatives, to offset the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates, or commodity prices on the value of the company's cash flows. Consumer Price Index (CPI) Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the average price level of a basket of goods and services consumed by households. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a critical indicator of pricing pressures in an economy and provides a gauge of inflation. Forex traders monitor the CPI, as it can lead to changes in monetary policy by the central bank that will either strengthen or weaken the currency against others in the markets. Collateral In the context of foreign exchange (FX), collateral refers to assets that are pledged as security for a financial obligation, such as a loan or a derivative contract. Collateral is often used in FX transactions to reduce the risk of default by one of the parties. Collateral can be used in other types of FX transactions as well, such as currency forwards, options, and non-deliverable forwards. In these cases, the collateral may be used to cover the potential risk of loss due to changes in exchange rates or other market conditions. Counter Currency In a currency pair, the counter currency is the second or reference currency. In ISO currency code pairs, the counter currency follows the base currency. The base currency of a pair is usually a major currency, especially when trading exotic currencies. Commodity Commodities are raw materials or primary agricultural products that can be bought and sold, such as copper, oil, wheat, gold, etc. Because commodities are standardized products with little differentiation between their qualities, they can be interchanged with other commodities of the same type. They are often produced and traded in large quantities and can be used as inputs for further production or as sources of energy. Calendar Spread A calendar spread, also called a time spread or a horizontal spread, involves simultaneously buying and selling options on the same underlying asset but with different expiration dates. Calendar spreads aim to profit from differences in option time decay. Call Option Call options are financial contracts that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy a specific asset at a predetermined price (the strike price) before or on a certain date (the expiration date). The underlying asset is the asset that the call option gives the holder the right to purchase. Call Spread The call spread is an option strategy where one call option is purchased and another call option is simultaneously sold on the same underlying asset. Call options have different strike prices, and the option that is purchased has a lower strike price than the option that is sold. Call spreads are designed to profit from an upward move in the price of the underlying asset while limiting losses. CAPS Caps are financial contracts used to hedge against currency fluctuations, similar to options. By using it, a currency's upside potential is limited while the holder benefits from its potential depreciation. The holder of a cap has the right to buy or sell a currency, but is not obligated to do so, at a specific strike price, on a specific date or period of time. A cap rate is the strike price that determines a currency's maximum rate. Credit Default Swap (CDS) Credit default swaps (CDS) are financial derivatives that are used to transfer credit risk from one party to another. A CDS provides protection against the risk of debt default by the issuer. Cross rate In the context of foreign exchange (FX), a cross rate is the exchange rate between two currencies, both of which are not the official currency of the country in which the exchange rate quote is given. It is calculated by using the exchange rates of the two currencies relative to a third currency, which is typically a more widely traded currency such as the US dollar. Cross border payment A cross border payment is a financial transaction that involves the transfer of money between countries, typically in different currencies. Cross border payments can be made for a variety of purposes, such as to pay for goods or services, to transfer money to or from foreign bank accounts, or to make international wire transfers. There are a number of factors to consider when making a cross border payment, such as exchange rates, fees, and regulatory requirements. Cross border trade As defined by the OCDE, cross-border trade is the exchange of goods and services between residents and non-residents. It is measured in USD as a percentage of GDP for net trade (exports minus imports) and also in annual growth for imports and exports. Convertible Bond Convertible bonds are bonds that can be converted into shares of the issuer's stock or another security at the holder's discretion. Convertible bonds are a hybrid security that combine the features of both bonds and stocks. They offer the stability and regular income of a bond, as well as the opportunity to participate in the company's potential growth. Corporate Bond Corporate bonds are debt securities issued by corporations to raise capital. There are a variety of maturities available for corporate bonds, ranging from a few months to more than 30 years. The bondholder receives periodic interest, known as a coupon, and the principal is returned at maturity. Currency forward (FX forward) A currency forward is a financial contract that involves the exchange of two currencies at a predetermined exchange rate on a future date. It is a type of derivative instrument that is used to hedge against the risk of fluctuations in exchange rates. Currency hedging Currency hedging is the practice of using financial instruments or strategies to reduce the risk of losses due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. It is a common risk management strategy for companies and investors with international operations or exposures, as it can help to protect against the impact of currency fluctuations on the value of their assets, liabilities, and cash flows. Currency volatility Currency volatility refers to the fluctuations in the value of a currency relative to other currencies. It is a measure of the risk associated with holding or trading assets in a particular currency, and is an important consideration for companies and investors with international operations or exposures. Currency exposure Currency exposure refers to the potential impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on the value of a company's assets, liabilities, and cash flows. It is a measure of the extent to which a company is exposed to risk from movements in foreign exchange rates. A company with significant foreign currency exposure may be at risk of losses due to changes in exchange rates, which can impact the value of its assets and liabilities, as well as the cash flows from its international operations. Currency depreciation Currency depreciation occurs when the value of a currency falls against other currencies. The depreciation of currencies can be caused by economic fundamentals, interest rate differentials, political instability, or investor risk aversion. Currency convertibility In terms of foreign transactions, currency convertibility refers to the ability to exchange one currency for another at a given conversion rate. A range of degrees of convertibility can be identified, ranging from total convertibility to total inconvertibility. Convertible currency A currency is said to be freely convertible when it has an immediate value on the different international markets, and few restrictions on the manner and amount that can be traded for another currency . Free convertibility is a major feature of a hard currency. Cross currency triangulation In cross currency triangulation, monetary amounts are first converted from one national currency unit (source currency) into an intermediate currency (anchor currency). Calculation then converts the intermediate currency amount into the designated national currency unit (target currency). Cash Collection In cash collection, companies recover money from other businesses (or individuals) to whom they have previously provided invoices. Cash collection primarily aims to get invoices paid by the due date. Currency controls Currency controls (or exchange controls) limit the purchase and/or sale of currencies by governments. By limiting inflows and outflows of currency, these controls help countries stabilize their economies. Exchange controls are not available to every nation, at least not legitimately; the 14th article of the IMF's Articles of Agreement only permits their use in transitional economies. Carry Trade Carry trades involve borrowing at a low interest rate and reinvesting in a currency or financial product at a higher rate of return. Carry trades are appropriate only for investors with deep pockets due to the risks involved. < PREVIOUS NEXT >

Grain Financial Technology Ltd. Terms Of Serv ice Last Revised on October 16th , 2023 1. Services and Accounts 2. No Advice 3. Your Rights & Obligations 4. Ownership and Content 5. Third Party Services and Materials 6. Disclaimers, Limitations of Liability and Indemnification 7. Arbitration 8. Additional Provisions 1. Services and Accounts 2. No Advice Welcome to the Terms of Service (these “ Terms ”) for the website, https://www.grainfinance.co/ and its subdomains (collectively, the “ Website ”), the online platform (the “ Platform ”) and associated services operated on behalf of Grain Financial Technology Ltd. (“ Company ”, “ Grain ”, “ we ” or “ us ”). The Website, Platform, and any content, tools, features and functionality offered on or through our Website and the Platform are collectively referred to as the “ Services ”. These Terms govern your access to and use of the Services. Additional terms and conditions relating to specific services or products may be provided by the Company from time to time and will apply only if you use such specific services or products. Please read these Terms carefully, as they include important information about your legal rights. By clicking “I Agree” upon registering for an account or otherwise accessing and/or using the Services, you are agreeing to these Terms. If you do not agree to these Terms, please do not use the Services. For purposes of these Terms, “ you ” and “ your ” means you as the user of the Services. You must be 18 years of age or older to use the Services. If you use the Services on behalf of a company or other entity then “you” includes you and that entity, and you represent and warrant that (a) you are an authorized representative of the entity with the authority to bind the entity to these Terms and (b) you agree to these Terms on the entity’s behalf. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT WE ARE NOT PROVIDING ANY ADVICE, CONSULTATION, ENDORSEMENT, PROFESSIONAL OR FINANCIAL SERVICES, OR RECOMMENDATION IN RELATION TO THE SERVICES, TRANSACTION(S), OR ANY PART THEREOF, OR YOUR USE OF THE SERVICES. YOUR USE OF THE SERVICES IS ENTIRELY AT YOUR OWN RISK. THE COMPANY DISCLAIMS ALL RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR ANY DECISION YOU MAKE IN RELATION TO THE SERVICES (INCLUDING ANY TRANSACTION). ALL USERS SHOULD SEEK PROFESSIONAL ADVICE ON THE RISKS INVOLVED IN THE USE OF THE SERVICES, INCLUDING UNDERTAKING TRANSACTIONS. 1. Services and Account a. The Services may offer certain customers the opportunity to carry out cross-currency transactions through the Platform (“Transaction(s)”). Each Transaction shall form a separate, individual contract between you and the Company, and is not transferable, negotiable, or assignable by you to or with any third party. The Company may reasonably refuse to accept any request to carry out any Transaction, without giving any reason, and the Company will have no liability to you or any other party as a result of doing so. b. You hereby agree and acknowledge that your access to and use of certain Services or features of the Platform may be subject to the Company (including Third Parties and its service providers) completing a user assessment, diligence, identification, and verification process, including having the right, in Company’s sole discretion, to approve, reject, or cancel any Account, request submitted through or in relation to the Services/Platform (including any Transaction) at any time, if the Company or its service providers reasonably believes such Account, request, or Transaction is not in compliance with, or poses a risk, under Company’s policies or not in compliance with applicable laws, rules, or guidelines (including without limitation BSA/AML, fraud, Know Your Customer (KYC), Know Your Business (KYB)). In the event of non-approval or cancellation of any Account, request, or Transaction, the Company shall make reasonable commercial efforts to inform the applicable user, subject to applicable law and regulations. The Company will review and approve/reject prospective accounts, user requests, and transactions, and will have the sole discretion of determining the relevant criteria for using the applicable Services and determining whether such criteria were met. The Company will have no liability for the non-completion of or a delay in completing any Transaction in relation to (i) circumstances that prohibit or restrict the execution or performance of a Transaction, including, without limitation, abnormal or unforeseeable circumstances beyond the Company’s reasonable control; (ii) applicable laws, regulations or Rules; (iii) occurrence of errors in quoted rates as a result of the automation of the Services that resulted in erroneous rates being presented when a Transaction is placed; (iv) your violation of these Terms. Costs and losses arising from the cancellation of your Transaction will be charged to, and payable by you. c. Creating and Safeguarding your Account . To use certain Services, you need to create an account (“ Account ”). You will only be eligible to use certain Services once we have successfully completed AML checks on you and we have sent you confirmation of the opening of your Account. You agree to provide us with accurate, complete and updated information for your Account and any action performed therein. You can access, edit and update your Account via the following means: navigate to “settings”, and choose to delete your data and/or disconnect any connected accounting software, or email us at: support@grainfinance.co . You are solely responsible for any activity on your Account and for maintaining the confidentiality and security of your password. We are not liable for any acts or omissions by you in connection with your Account. You must immediately notify us at support@grainfinance.co if you know or have any reason to suspect that your Account or password have been stolen, misappropriated or otherwise compromised, or in case of any actual or suspected unauthorized use of your Account. You agree not to create any Account if we have previously removed your, or we previously banned you from any of our Services, unless we provide written consent otherwise. d. Availability of Your Account. We will use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the availability of the Services and do not guarantee that the Services will be available at all times. You agree to use the Services at your own risk and discretion, and you accept and acknowledge that software is prone to unforeseen issues, which may cause the Services to be unavailable or data to be lost. You agree that we will not be liable or accountable for any reason for any loss as a result of the unavailability of the Services. In such an event, you agree that your only recourse is to cease using the Services. The Company is entitled, at its sole discretion, to suspend access to the Platform, Account, and/or Services, or otherwise restrict functionality thereof, if (i) you are in breach of these Terms; or (ii) you (or anyone on your behalf), is using the Services in a manner that may cause us or our partners legal liability or disrupt the Services; We may continue any such suspension or restriction as we deem necessary at our discretion. e. In the event that you are unable to fully settle Transaction(s) payment, Grain may deduct any losses or costs from any funds held in your Account, and any overdue shortfall will be charged interest pursuant to applicable law. Subject to applicable law, you hereby acknowledge and agree that the Company can, in its sole discretion at any time and without notice, set off any sum standing to the credit of you in your Account against any payments, costs, charges, or other liabilities which you owe to the Company with respect to the Company’s Services. If you are unable to fully settle the Transaction(s) payment, any and all losses, costs, damages, liabilities, and other amounts shall be borne by you. 2. No advice a. You acknowledge and agree that we are not providing any advice, consultation, endorsement, professional or financial services, or recommendation in relation to the Services, Transaction(s), or any part thereof, or your use of the Services, including, without limitation, whether or not to proceed with any particular transaction or the potential implications of any particular transaction. Your use of the Services is your decision and responsibility, based solely on your own judgment. The Company disclaims all responsibility or liability for any decision you make in relation to the Services (including any Transaction). The Company will not be liable to you, or to any third party, for any loss of opportunity or other loss in relation to exchange rate changes or movements around the transaction time. Users should seek professional advice on the risks involved in the use of the Services, including undertaking Transactions. b. We may provide content, information, data, market information, and materials (“ Content ”) as part of our Services, and/or on our Website, social media pages, blogs, or otherwise in connection with the Services and the use thereof. Such Content does not constitute, nor should be deemed as, investment, financial, or professional advice. Please seek professional advice from a duly qualified and authorized financial services professional before you use the Services and enter into a Transaction. 3. Your Rights & Obligations a. Right to Use Services . We hereby permit you to use the Services for your internal business purposes, provided that you comply with these Terms in connection with all such use. Your access and use of the Services may be interrupted from time to time for any of several reasons, including, without limitation, the malfunction of equipment, periodic updating, maintenance or repair of the Service or other actions that Company, in its sole discretion, may elect to take. b. Your Obligations . You must timely perform all obligations that may be required to establish your use of the Services, including but not limited to (i) providing information relating to your organization, technology platforms, systems configurations, business processes and any other information that is reasonably requested by us; (ii) providing contact information for each bank that you want to use the Services in connection with; (iii) make your personnel available to us as may be reasonably necessary for us to perform under these Terms; and (iv) complete in a timely manner all your responsibilities in connection with the Services. Your delay or failure to perform your responsibilities shall result in an extension of our dependent obligations due to such delay or failure. You hereby represent, warrant, and covenant to the Company that (i) at all times, you will comply with all applicable laws, agency regulations, and instructions applicable to you, and any order or judgment of any court; (ii) you will not use, nor allow anyone to use the Services or any part thereof for any illegal or fraudulent purposes (including, without limitation, money laundering, tax evasion, terrorist financing, or any other illegal activities); and (iii) all information you supplied to the Company in relation to the Services shall be retained complete, accurate, up to date, and truthful. c. The Platform and Services may be used only in connection with lawful future payment needs and not for any speculative or investment purpose. You agree to provide the Company with such information as may reasonably request to assess your use of the Platform, Transaction, and/or Services in relation to a lawful future payment need. We may refuse any transaction, suspend any pending Transaction, or terminate any Account if We or any Third Party suspects that a user is using or intends to use the Platform, Transaction, or Services for investment or speculative purposes, or in violation of these Terms. d. Rules. To enable the Company to provide you with certain of the Services, applicable operating rules, regulations, manuals, policies, and procedures, promulgated by any regulatory authority or third-party service providers (“ Rules ”), may need to be met before and during your use of such Services. You agree, upon the Company’s request, to provide us with the required information and reasonably cooperate with us in order to meet such Rules and applicable requirements. e. Restrictions On Your Use of the Services . You may not do any of the following in connection with your use of the Services, unless applicable laws or regulations prohibit these restrictions or you have our written permission to do so: i. download, modify, copy, distribute, transmit, display, perform, reproduce, duplicate, publish, license, create derivative works from, or offer for sale any information contained on, or obtained from or through, the Services, except for temporary files that are automatically cached by your web browser for display purposes, or as otherwise expressly permitted in these Terms; ii. duplicate, decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble or decode the Services (including any underlying idea or algorithm), or attempt to do any of the same; iii. use, reproduce or remove any copyright, trademark, service mark, trade name, slogan, logo, image, or other proprietary notation displayed on or through the Services; iv. use cheats, automation software (bots), hacks, modifications (mods) or any other unauthorized third-party software designed to modify the Services; v. exploit the Services for any commercial purpose, including without limitation communicating or facilitating any commercial advertisement or solicitation; vi. access or use the Services in any manner that could disable, overburden, damage, disrupt or impair the Services or interfere with any other party’s access to or use of the Services or use any device, software or routine that causes the same; vii. attempt to gain unauthorized access to, interfere with, damage or disrupt the Services, accounts registered to other users, or the computer systems or networks connected to the Services; viii. circumvent, remove, alter, deactivate, degrade or thwart any technological measure or content protections of the Services; ix. use any robot, spider, crawlers, scraper, or other automatic device, process, software or queries that intercepts, “mines,” scrapes, extracts, or otherwise accesses the Services to monitor, extract, copy or collect information or data from or through the Services, or engage in any manual process to do the same; x. introduce any viruses, trojan horses, worms, logic bombs or other materials that are malicious or technologically harmful into our systems; xi. submit, transmit, display, perform, post or store any content that is inaccurate, unlawful, defamatory, obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, excessively violent, pornographic, invasive of privacy or publicity rights, harassing, threatening, abusive, inflammatory, harmful, hateful, cruel or insensitive, deceptive, or otherwise objectionable, use the Services for illegal, harassing, bullying, unethical or disruptive purposes, or otherwise use the Services in a manner that is obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, excessively violent, harassing, harmful, hateful, cruel or insensitive, deceptive, threatening, abusive, inflammatory, pornographic, inciting, organizing, promoting or facilitating violence or criminal or harmful activities, defamatory, obscene or otherwise objectionable; xii. violate any applicable law or regulation in connection with your access to or use of the Services; or xiii. access or use the Services in any way not expressly permitted by these Terms. 4. Ownership and Content a. Ownership of the Services. The Services, including their “look and feel” (e.g., text, graphics, images, logos), proprietary content, information and other materials, are protected under copyright, trademark and other intellectual property laws. You agree that the Company and/or its licensors own all right, title and interest in and to the Services (including any and all intellectual property rights therein) and you agree not to take any action(s) inconsistent with such ownership interests. We and our licensors reserve all rights in connection with the Services and its content, including, without limitation, the exclusive right to create derivative works. You may not, without our prior written consent and the consent of any other relevant rights owners, broadcast, republish, upload to a third party, transmit, post, distribute, display in public, or change in any way the Services for any purpose. b. Ownership of Trademarks . The Company’s name, GRAIN FINANCE, the Company’s logo and all related names, logos, product, branding, and service names, designs and slogans are trademarks of the Company or its affiliates or licensors. Other names, logos, product and service names, designs and slogans that appear on the Services are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by us. c. Ownership of Feedback . We welcome feedback, comments and suggestions for improvements to the Services (“ Feedback ”). You acknowledge and expressly agree that any contribution of Feedback does not and will not give or grant you any right, title or interest in the Services or in any such Feedback. All Feedback becomes the sole and exclusive property of the Company, and the Company may use and disclose Feedback in any manner and for any purpose whatsoever without further notice or compensation to you and without retention by you of any proprietary or other right or claim. You hereby assign to the Company any and all right, title and interest (including, but not limited to, any patent, copyright, trade secret, trademark, show-how, know-how, moral rights and any and all other intellectual property right) that you may have in and to any and all Feedback. 5. Third Party Services and Materials a. You acknowledge that the Platform, Content, and Services include, may rely on, or otherwise facilitate or act as merely a conduit to functionalities, infrastructures, services, and/or operations which are made available by third parties (“ Third Party(ies) ”), including, for example, currency exchange brokers, and financial banking institutions. Third Parties’ functionalities, infrastructures, services, and/or operations are not operated or controlled by the Company. Notwithstanding anything else in these Terms or otherwise, the Company makes no warranties or representations express or implied, as to the quality, capabilities, operations, performance, or suitability of Third Parties or their functionalities, infrastructures, services, and/or operations and disclaims all liability resulting from or related to the foregoing, including any effect on the Services or any part thereof. b. Certain Services may display, include or make available content, data, information, applications or materials from third parties (“ Third Party Materials ”) or provide links to certain third party websites. By using the Services, you acknowledge and agree that the Company is not responsible for examining or evaluating the content, accuracy, completeness, availability, timeliness, validity, copyright compliance, legality, decency, quality or any other aspect of such Third Party Materials or websites. We do not warrant or endorse and do not assume and will not have any liability or responsibility to you or any other person for any third-party services, Third Party Materials or third-party websites, or for any other materials, products, or services of third parties. Third Party Materials and links to other websites are provided solely as a convenience to you. 6. Disclaimers, Limitations of Liability and Indemnification a. Disclaimers . The Services may have limited features and functionalities and may contain errors, defects, bugs, or inaccuracies that could cause failures, corruption or loss of data and information from any connected device. Additionally, the beta version of the Services may have different standards of security, privacy, availability or reliability that can affect your use of the Services. Your access to and use of the Services are at your own risk. You understand and agree that the Services are provided to you on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis. Without limiting the foregoing, to the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, the Company, its parents, affiliates, related companies, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives, partners and licensors (“ the Company Entities ”) DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. The Company Entities make no warranty or representation and disclaim all responsibility and liability for: (a) the completeness, accuracy, availability, timeliness, security or reliability of the Services; (b) any harm to your computer system, loss of data, or other harm that results from your access to or use of the Services; (c) the operation or compatibility with any other application or any particular system or device; and (d) whether the Services will meet your requirements or be available on an uninterrupted, secure or error-free basis. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained from the Company Entities or through the Services, will create any warranty or representation not expressly made herein. b. Limitations of Liability . TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, YOU AGREE THAT IN NO EVENT WILL THE COMPANY ENTITIES BE LIABLE (A) FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES OR LOSSES, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO YOUR USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SERVICES), HOWEVER CAUSED AND UNDER ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER UNDER THESE TERMS OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SERVICES OR THESE TERMS AND WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) EVEN IF THE COMPANY ENTITIES HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE OR (B) FOR ANY DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS ($100.00), OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID THE COMPANY ENTITIES, IF ANY, IN THE PAST SIX (6) MONTHS FOR THE SERVICES (OR OFFERINGS PURCHASED ON THE SERVICES) GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS WILL APPLY EVEN IF THE ABOVE STATED REMEDY FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. c. Indemnification . By entering into these Terms and accessing or using the Services, you agree that you shall defend, indemnify and hold the Company Entities harmless from and against any and all claims, costs, damages, losses, liabilities and expenses (including attorneys’ fees and costs) incurred by the Company Entities arising out of or in connection with: (a) your violation or breach of any term of these Terms or any applicable law or regulation; (b) your misuse of the Services; or (c) your negligence or wilful misconduct. If you are obligated to indemnify any Company Entity hereunder, then you agree that Company (or, at its discretion, the applicable Company Entity) will have the right, in its sole discretion, to control any action or proceeding and to determine whether Company wishes to settle, and if so, on what terms, and you agree to fully cooperate with Company in the defence or settlement of such claim. 7. ARBITRATION a. Informal Process First . You agree that in the event of any dispute between you and the Company Entities, you will first contact the Company and make a good faith sustained effort to resolve the dispute before resorting to more formal means of resolution, including without limitation, any court action. b. Arbitration Agreement . After the informal dispute resolution process, any remaining dispute, controversy, or claim (collectively, “ Claim ”) relating in any way to your use of the Company’s services and/or products, including the Services, will be resolved by arbitration, including threshold questions of arbitrability of the Claim. You and the Company agree that any Claim will be settled by final and binding arbitration, using the English language, administered by JAMS under its Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures and the JAMS Consumer Minimum Standards (together, the “ JAMS Rules ”) then in effect (those rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference into this section, and as of the date of these Terms). Arbitration will be handled by a sole arbitrator in accordance with the JAMS Rules. The seat of the arbitration will be in New York, New York. Judgement on the arbitration award may be entered in any court that has jurisdiction. 8. Additional Provisions a. Services Changes; Updating These Terms. The Company reserves the right to make changes and modifications to the Platform and/or Services at any time and from time to time. We may modify these Terms from time to time in which case we will update the “Last Revised” date at the top of these Terms. If we make changes that are material, we will use reasonable efforts to attempt to notify you, such as by e-mail and/or by placing a prominent notice on the first page of the Website. However, it is your sole responsibility to review these Terms from time to time to view any such changes. The updated Terms will be effective as of the time of posting, or such later date as may be specified in the updated Terms. Your continued access or use of the Services after the modifications have become effective will be deemed your acceptance of the modified Terms. b. Termination. If you breach any of the provisions of these Terms, all licenses and rights granted by the Company will terminate automatically. Additionally, the Company may suspend, disable, or delete your Account and/or the Services (or any part of the foregoing) with or without notice, for any or no reason. If the Company deletes your Account for any suspected breach of these Terms by you, you are prohibited from re-registering for the Services under a different name. All sections which by their nature should survive the termination of these Terms shall continue in full force and effect subsequent to and notwithstanding any termination of these Terms by the Company or you. Termination will not limit any of the Company’s other rights or remedies at law or in equity. c. Injunctive Relief. You agree that a breach of these Terms will cause irreparable injury to the Company for which monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy and the Company shall be entitled to equitable relief in addition to any remedies it may have hereunder or at law without a bond, other security or proof of damages. d. U.S. Government Restricted Rights. The Services and related documentation are “Commercial Items”, as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. §2.101, consisting of “Commercial Computer Software” and “Commercial Computer Software Documentation”, as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. §12.212 or 48 C.F.R. §227.7202, as applicable. Consistent with 48 C.F.R. §12.212 or 48 C.F.R. §227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4, as applicable, the Commercial Computer Software and Commercial Computer Software Documentation are being licensed to U.S. Government end users (a) only as Commercial Items, and (b) with only those rights as are granted to all other end users pursuant to the terms and conditions herein. e. Export Laws. You agree that you will not export or re-export, directly or indirectly, the Services and/or other information or materials provided by the Company hereunder, to any country for which the United States or any other relevant jurisdiction requires any export license or other governmental approval at the time of export without first obtaining such license or approval. In particular, but without limitation, the Services may not be exported or re-exported (a) into any U.S. embargoed countries or any country that has been designated by the U.S. Government as a “terrorist supporting” country, or (b) to anyone listed on any U.S. Government list of prohibited or restricted parties, including the U.S. Treasury Department’s list of Specially Designated Nationals or the U.S. Department of Commerce Denied Persons List or Entity List. By using the Services, you represent and warrant that you are not located in any such country or on any such list. You are responsible for and hereby agree to comply at your sole expense with all applicable United States export laws and regulations. f. Use of the Platform. You are responsible for providing the mobile device, wireless service plan, software, Internet connections and/or other equipment or services that you need to download, install and use the Platform. We do not guarantee that the Platform can be accessed and used on any particular device or with any particular service plan. We do not guarantee that the Platform will be available in, or that transactions can be placed from, any particular geographic location. g. Relationship to Customer Agreement. You acknowledge that any Customer Agreement entered into between you and us contains terms applicable to the Services and therefore these Terms are not an exhaustive list of terms applicable to the Services. In the event of any inconsistency between these Terms and your Customer Agreement, your Customer Agreement shall control. h. Privacy Policy. Our Privacy Policy describes how we handle the information you provide to us when you use the Services. For an explanation of our privacy practices, please visit our Privacy Policy located at https://www.grainfinance.co/privacy-policy . For additional terms applicable to the Services regarding the privacy and security of your data and the parties’ confidentiality obligations, please see your Customer Agreement. i. Miscellaneous. If any provision of these Terms shall be unlawful, void or for any reason unenforceable, then that provision shall be deemed severable from these Terms and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions. These Terms and the licenses granted hereunder may be assigned by the Company but may not be assigned by you without the prior express written consent of the Company. No waiver by either party of any breach or default hereunder shall be deemed to be a waiver of any preceding or subsequent breach or default. The section headings used herein are for reference only and shall not be read to have any legal effect. The Services are operated by us in the United States. Those who choose to access the Services from locations outside the United States do so at their own initiative and are responsible for compliance with applicable local laws. These Terms are governed by the laws of the State of New York, without regard to conflict of laws rules, and the proper venue for any disputes arising out of or relating to any of the same will be the arbitration venue set forth in Section 6, or if arbitration does not apply, then the state and federal courts located in New York, New York. You and the Company agree that the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods will not apply to the interpretation or construction of these Terms. You agree to receive email notifications from us and acknowledge that these emails are required to notify you of updates in relation to the Services. j. How to Contact Us. You may contact us regarding the Services or these Terms at: 8 Shaul HaMelech Blvd, Israel, or by email at support@grainfinance.co . k. Payment services for Grain Finance Ltd. are provided by TransferMate Limited. 3. Your Rights & Obligations 5. Third Party Services and Materials 4. Ownership and Content 7. Arbitration 6. Disclaimers, Limitations of Liability and Indemnification 8. Additional Provisions

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z R Reserve Currency The term reserve currency refers to a large amount of currency held by central banks and major financial institutions for international transactions. Since reserves do not need to be exchanged for trade, reserve currencies reduce exchange rate risk. Repurchase Agreement (REPO) Repo transactions involve one party selling securities to another with the agreement to buy them back later at a higher price. Often, repos are used to raise short-term capital or finance the purchase of securities. There are two types of repos: term repos, which have a fixed maturity date, and open repos, which have no fixed maturity date and can be terminated at any time. A repos is most commonly used by banks, hedge funds, and other financial institutions as a way to raise short-term capital, and they are considered a low-risk investment because they are usually secured with high-quality securities. Real-time gross settlement (RTGS) Real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems are specialist funds transfer systems that allow money or securities to be transferred from one bank to another in real time and on a gross basis to avoid settlement risk. When a payment transaction is settled "in real time," there is no waiting period. Transactions are settled as soon as they are processed. The term "gross settlement" means the transaction is settled one-to-one, without bundling or netting with any other transaction. "Settlement" refers to payments that are final and irrevocable once processed. Reverse Repurchase Agreement (Rev REPO) A reverse repo is a financial transaction where one party purchases securities from another party and then sells them back at a lower price at a later date. Like regular repos, reverse repos can be either term repos or open repos, depending on whether they have a fixed maturity date. Reverse repos are typically used by banks, hedge funds, and other financial institutions as a way to invest short-term excess cash or to finance the purchase of securities. Rho Rho is a measure of the sensitivity of an option's price to changes in the risk-free interest rate. It is a Greek letter used in options pricing formulas to represent the amount by which the price of an option is expected to change in response to a 1% change in the risk-free interest rate. Rho is typically expressed as a percentage, and it reflects the impact that changes in the risk-free interest rate can have on the value of an option. Risk Reversal Risk reversals are financial transactions in which two parties exchange risk. It is generally used to hedge against or speculate on changes in the value of an underlying asset. One common type of risk reversal is an options strategy that involves the simultaneous purchase of a put option and the sale of a call option on the same underlying asset. This strategy is also known as a short straddle or a short combination. The put option gives the holder the right to sell the underlying asset at a predetermined price (the strike price), while the call option gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at the same strike price. Run on the Bank A run on the bank is a situation where a large number of depositors attempt to withdraw their money from a bank at the same time due to concerns about the bank's solvency or financial stability. This can be triggered by rumors or actual news of the bank's financial difficulties or instability. A run on the bank can have serious consequences, as it can lead to the bank's inability to fulfill the withdrawal requests of its depositors, resulting in a liquidity crisis that can spread to other banks and the wider financial system. In some cases, governments or central banks may step in to provide support and prevent a wider financial crisis. Profit Repatriation The repatriation of profits means that a firm can send earnings or assets from abroad back to its home country in hard currency such as USD, EUR, and others. Rolling Option A rolling option is an options contract that grants a buyer the right to purchase something at a future date, as well as the choice to extend the expiration date of that right, for a fee. < PREVIOUS NEXT >

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z V Value at Risk (VaR) Value at Risk (VaR) measures the risk of loss on an investment or portfolio over a specified period. Based on the performance of the investment or portfolio over a given period, it estimates the likelihood of a loss of a certain magnitude over a given period. VaR is typically expressed as a dollar amount or as a percentage of the total value of the investment or portfolio. Vega In finance, vega measures how sensitive an option price is to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset. It is a Greek letter used in options pricing formulas to represent the amount by which the price of an option is expected to change in response to a 1% change in the volatility of the underlying asset. Vega is typically expressed as a percentage, and it reflects the impact that changes in volatility can have on the value of an option. Volatility In finance, volatility refers to the amount of risk or uncertainty associated with the price of a security. It is a measure of how much the price of a security, such as a stock or bond, fluctuates over time. A security with high volatility experiences significant price changes over a short period of time, while a security with low volatility experiences less significant price changes. Volatility can be measured using a variety of statistical techniques, such as standard deviation or the variance of returns. Volatility Surface In finance, a volatility surface is a graphical representation of the implied volatilities of a group of options on a particular underlying asset, as a function of the options' expiration dates and strike prices. The volatility surface is used to help visualize the relationships between the implied volatilities of options with different expiration dates and strike prices, and can be used to model the expected volatility of the underlying asset over time. < PREVIOUS NEXT >

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z N Negative Carry A negative carry occurs when the cost of holding a financial asset exceeds the income generated by it. It occurs typically when an asset pays a lower return than what it costs to finance its purchase. Nominal Effective Exchange Rate An unadjusted weighted average rate at which one country's currency exchanges for a basket of multiple foreign currencies is called the nominal effective exchange rate (NEER). Nominal exchange rates indicate the amount of domestic currency needed to purchase foreign currency. Non-Deliverable Forward Non-deliverable forwards (NDF) are cash-settled, and usually short-term, forward contracts. The notional amount is never exchanged, hence the name "non-deliverable." Two parties agree to take opposite sides of a transaction for a set amount of money—at a contracted rate, in the case of a currency NDF. Notional Value The notional value of an underlying asset is often used by derivatives traders to refer to the contract's value. This can be the total value of a position, the amount that a position controls, or an agreed-upon amount. A financial asset's face value is used to determine its payment. In the options, futures, forward, and currency markets, this term describes derivative contracts. < PREVIOUS NEXT >

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z F Federal Funds Rate The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which banks lend and borrow overnight balances from each other, known as federal funds, in the U.S. The federal funds rate is an important benchmark for short-term interest rates in the U.S. financial market, and is used as a reference rate for various financial products, such as adjustable-rate mortgages, credit card loans, and small business loans. Fintech The term fintech refers to the use of technology to provide financial services. It can include everything from robo-advisors to mobile banking apps. Fintech is constantly evolving and has the potential to disrupt traditional financial systems by providing more efficient and accessible financial services. Floor In finance, a floor refers to a minimum that cannot be dropped below. An interest rate floor means that a loan is not subject to any other contingent interest rates. Regardless of market conditions, a price floor prevents an item's price from falling below a certain limit. Forward Points Forward points in finance refers to the amount added to or subtracted from the current spot rate of a currency to determine the forward exchange rate for a future delivery date. The forward exchange rate determines the rate at which a currency can be exchanged for another at a future date, based on an agreement made on the spot date. In addition to accounting for the time value of money, forward points are used to correct for differences in interest rates between the currencies being exchanged. The size of the forward point will depend on the difference between the interest rates of the two currencies and the time until the forward contract is set to expire. Foreign exchange (FX) Foreign exchange (FX) refers to the buying and selling of currencies on the foreign exchange market. The foreign exchange market is a global decentralized market for the trading of currencies, and is the largest financial market in the world. Foreign exchange (FX) option A foreign exchange (FX) option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specified currency at a predetermined exchange rate on or before a certain date. It is a type of derivative instrument that is used to hedge against the risk of fluctuations in exchange rates. Foreign Exchange (FX) Hedging FX hedging is a risk management strategy used by companies to protect themselves from potential losses resulting from changes in currency exchange rates. FX hedging involves buying and selling financial instruments, such as forwards, options, and futures, to offset potential currency exposures in order to minimize the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on a company's financial statements. The goal of FX hedging is to reduce or eliminate the risk of loss due to currency movements, allowing companies to better manage their financial risk and focus on their core business operations. Foreign Exchange (FX) Swap An FX swap is a foreign exchange derivative that allows two parties to exchange an agreed amount of one currency for another currency at a specified rate, on a specified date, and then reverse the trade at a later date. The two legs of the trade are carried out simultaneously for a fixed amount of time, and then reversed later. FX swaps are usually used to hedge currency risk or obtain financing in a different currency. FX swaps are commonly used by banks and other financial institutions, but are also used by companies and individuals to manage their foreign exchange exposures. Foreign exchange (FX) risk - exchange rate risk Foreign exchange (FX) risk is the risk that a company or investor will incur losses due to fluctuations in exchange rates. It is a type of market risk that can impact the value of assets, liabilities, and cash flows denominated in different currencies. Forward Forwards are financial derivatives that allow two parties to exchange assets at a specified price at a specific future date. Contracts are customized to the needs of the parties involved, and terms include the type of asset, the quantity of the asset, and the delivery date. Forwards are often used to hedge against currency risk, commodity price risk, or interest rate risk. In a forward contract, one party agrees to buy the asset at the agreed-upon price on a specific date from the other party. The other party agrees to sell the asset at that price on that date. The forward contract is not traded on an exchange, and the terms of the contract are not standardized. The terms are negotiated between the two parties, and the contract is usually customized to meet their specific needs. Although forward contracts are similar to futures contracts, they differ in some important ways. A futures contract is standardized and traded on an exchange, whereas a forward contract is customized and traded over the counter. Additionally, futures contracts have margin requirements and are marked to market daily, whereas forwards do not. Foreign Exchange (FX) forward contract FX forwards are contracts between clients and their bank, or non-bank provider, to exchange currencies at a set rate on a future date. Contract pricing is determined by the exchange spot price, interest rate differentials between the two currencies, and the length of the contract, which is determined by the buyer and seller. Future Futures contracts are financial derivatives that obligate the buyer or seller to purchase or sell an asset at a predetermined price at a future date. The terms of futures contracts, including the quantity and quality of the assets, the delivery date, and the price, are all determined in advance. Futures contracts are standardized and traded on exchanges. Futures contracts are used to hedge against price risk, or to speculate on the price movements of an asset. The buyer and seller of a futures contract are required to put up a margin, which is a small percentage of the value of the contract. The margin is used to cover any potential losses on the contract. Functional currency A functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates. It is the currency in which an entity primarily generates and expends cash, and the currency in which it primarily holds assets and liabilities. For a business, the functional currency is typically the currency of the country in which the business is headquartered. The functional currency is used to determine the appropriate exchange rate to use when translating the financial statements of an entity into a different currency. The functional currency is also known as accounting currency. FX Translation Currency translation is the process of converting one currency in terms of another, often in the context of the financial results of a parent company's foreign subsidiaries into its functional currency. FX Swap In a foreign currency swap, two foreign parties agree to swap interest payments on a loan made in one currency for interest payments on a loan made in another currency. Foreign currency swaps can also involve exchanging principal. When the agreement ends, this will be exchanged back. In most cases, however, notional principal is just used to calculate interest and is not actually exchanged. Floating Exchange Rate In a floating exchange rate system, the currency price of a nation is set according to supply and demand relative to other currencies. A fixed exchange rate, on the other hand, is determined entirely or predominantly by the government. FX Forward Transaction The FX Forward Deal is a foreign exchange transaction based on a foreign exchange rate agreed by the buyer and seller under a foreign exchange contract, delivered on a specified date after the second working day of the transaction, in most cases. FX Netting Netting FX (or Forex Netting ) involves offsetting receivables and payables in one currency with receivables and payables in the same currency. As currency rates move, FX gains (losses) on one position should be offset by FX losses (gains) on the other. Foreign Transaction Fee A foreign transaction fee is a charge assessed by a financial institution to a consumer who uses an electronic payment card to make a purchase in a foreign currency. Foreign transaction fees usually apply to card purchases made in foreign countries while traveling, but they can also apply to purchases made online from your home country where the vendor is foreign and processes the transaction in its local currency. FX Gain / FX Loss An FX gain or loss is reflected in the income statement as a change in value of a foreign exchange-denominated transaction. A sales transaction creates a foreign exchange gain (loss) when the foreign currency appreciates (depreciates) against the company's home currency. Fedwire Fedwire is a real-time gross settlement funds transfer system operated by the United States Federal Reserve Banks that allows financial institutions to transfer funds electronically between the system's more than 9,289 participants (as of March 19, 2009). Upon receiving the proper wiring instructions from the receiving bank, the sending bank can initiate transfers. Foreign Exchange Broker A forex broker, or currency trading broker is a financial services company that provides traders access to a platform for buying and selling currencies. Transactions in the foreign exchange market are always between a pair of two different currencies. Foreign Exchange Commissions Financial institutions or service providers charge foreign exchange commissions for facilitating currency exchange transactions. Commissions are usually calculated as a percentage of the transaction amount or as a fixed fee. Brokers may charge 50% of a pip spread or a fixed commission per standard lot, for example. The amount is deducted from the total cash received during the transaction. < PREVIOUS NEXT >

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z A At The Money (ATM) In finance, an option is at the money if the current market price of its underlying asset equals its strike price. Because the underlying asset cannot be bought or sold at a price other than the current market price, at-the-money options have no intrinsic value. Accounts payable A company's accounts payable is the amount of money it owes to its creditors for goods or services it has received, but has not yet paid for. In the context of accounting, accounts payable is classified as a liability, as it represents a company's obligation to pay off its debts. It is recorded in a company's balance sheet under the category of current liabilities, along with other debts and financial obligations that are due within the next year. Appreciation in Currency A currency appreciation in the currency market refers to an increase in the value of one currency relative to another. Simultaneously, the currency appreciation benefits importers as they have to pay less in domestic currency for imported goods. Alt 21 Alt 21 is a digital financial platform designed to let individuals and businesses hedge currency risks. The company's platform offers customizable forex hedging software including options and forwards with real-time rates for pricing in multiple currencies, enabling banks, credit unions, and corporate treasury departments to automate their forex hedging processes and deliver tailor-made financial services. Actual/360 A day count convention is used for calculating interest accrued on Treasury bills and other money market instruments . Uses actual number of days in a month and 360 days in a year for calculating interest payments. < PREVIOUS NEXT >

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z G Gamma A gamma is a measure of how sensitive the delta of an option is to changes in the price of the underlying asset, used in options pricing formulas to represent the amount by which the delta of an option is expected to change in response to a $1 change in the price of the underlying asset. Gamma is typically expressed as a decimal number, and it reflects the impact that changes in the price of the underlying asset can have on the delta of an option. Government Bond A government bond is a debt security issued by the government to raise capital. Due to the fact that government bonds are backed by the full faith and credit of the issuing government, they are considered a safe investment. Greeks in Finance Variables used to assess risk in the options market are commonly referred to as "the Greeks." A Greek symbol represents each risk. Greek variables result from imperfect assumptions or relationships between the option and another underlying variable. Greek values, such as delta, theta, and others, are used by traders to assess options risk. G10 Currencies The G10 currenc ies are a group of selected major currencies that are used in international marketplaces. The name of the group originated from a meeting of finance ministers from the G10 nations on the 10th of September of 1975. The G10 currencies are: United States Dollar (USD), Euro (EUR), Pound Sterling (GBP), Japanese Yen (JPY), Australian Dollar (AUD), New Zealand Dollar (NZD), Canadian Dollar (CAD), Swiss Franc (CHF), Norwegian Krone (NOK), Swedish Krona (SEK). < PREVIOUS NEXT >

< BACK KNOWLEDGE BASE Grain Glossary Get an overview of financial terms and their definitions. ALL A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H I I J J K K L L M M N N O O P P Q Q R R S S T T U U V V W W X X Z Z Quote Currency In foreign exchange (Forex), the quote currency, also known as the counter currency, is the second currency in both direct and indirect currency pairs. A quote currency determines the value of a base currency. When currency exchange rates are quoted, the quote currency is listed after the base currency. < PREVIOUS NEXT >